
发布日期:2024-12-22 06:45 点击次数:182
本文全面贯通了2025年全球经济和金融商场的趋势走向bt工厂网址,涵盖了股票商场、债券商场、外汇商场、信贷商场、新兴商场、巨额商品商场等多个鸿沟。
What’stheoutlookforglobalmarketsin2025?
Theglobalmacroeconomiclandscapecouldbecomemorefluidin2025asmarketsfaceincreasingcomplexity.Inthecomingmonths,theevolutionofthebusinesscyclewilllikelybedrivenbytheinteractionbetweenmacrodynamicsandmonetarypolicy,withaddeduncertaintyfrompotentialpolicychangesbythenewU.S.administration.
Inaddition,technologicalinnovationandthebroadeningoftheAIcycleisexpectedtoremainanimportantdriveracrossmarkets,withmonetizationbecomingagreaterfocusinthecomingquarter.
“Aswetransitioninto2025,althoughbusinesscycledynamicsremaincrucialtotheoutlook,therewillbeheightenedfocusonpolicychangesintheU.S.acrosstrade,immigration,regulatoryandfiscalpolicies.ThesechangesshouldsignificantlyinfluenceoutcomesintheU.S.andbeyond,”saidHusseinMalik,headofGlobalResearchatJ.P.Morgan.
Allinall,J.P.MorganResearch’sbaselinescenariofor2025isonethatseesglobalgrowthstillremainingstrong.U.S.exceptionalismisexpectedtobolstertheU.S.dollarandbuoyU.S.riskyassets,buttheoutlookappearsmoremixedforTreasuries.J.P.MorganResearchisbroadlyconstructiveoncredit,anticipatingmodestchangesinhigh-gradespreads,butremainscautiousonEMfixedincome.Inaddition,theoutlookforU.S.equitiesandgoldisbullish,butbearishonoilandbasemetals.
“Thebackdropofpolicyuncertaintycombinedwithgeopoliticalrisks,however,suggestsincreasingmacroeconomicvolatilityandawiderrangeofpotentialoutcomes,”Maliknoted.
2025年全球商场斟酌若何?
2025年,全球经济大环境可能会更复杂多变,商场的不祥情趣也会进一步增多。在接下来的几个月里,宏不雅经济走势和货币政策之间的互动将主导买卖周期的发展,好意思国新一届政府可能出台的政策变化,会给商场带来不少变数。
时代鼎新,尤其是东谈主工智能的快速发展,依然会是推动商场前进的困难力量。在接下来的季度里,众人会更热心若何将这些鼎新真确变现。
摩根大通全球究诘主宰HusseinMalik透露:“跟着咱们步入2025年,买卖周期的变化自然困难,但好意思国政策标的的退换,比如贸易、侨民、监管和财政等方面,会引起蜕变常的热心。这些政策变化不仅会影响好意思国,还会触及全球经济。”
摩根大通究诘团队觉得,2025年全球经济的基本面依旧强盛。好意思国经济的强势推崇可能会连续复旧好意思元,并推高好意思国的高风险财富,但对国债商场来说,远景就没那么开朗了。摩根大通全体看好信用商场,觉得高评级债券的利差波动不会太大,但对新兴商场的固定收益财富依然抓严慎立场。此外,好意思国股市和黄金被看好,而石油和基本金属的推崇可能不太乐不雅。
HusseinMalik指出:“政策的不祥情趣加上地缘政事风险,可能会让全球经济波动加重,商场的走势也会变得愈加难以预测,”
Equitymarkets
In2025,globalequitymarketscouldfaceanenvironmentcharacterizedbyseveralcross-currents.“Thecentralequitythemefornextyearisoneofhigherdispersionacrossstocks,styles,sectors,countriesandthemes.Thisshouldimprovetheopportunitysetandprovideahealthierbackdropfortheactivemanagementindustryafterconsecutivequartersofrecordnarrowandunhealthyequityleadership,”saidDubravkoLakos-Bujas,headofGlobalMarketsStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.
De-couplingcentralbankpaths,unevendisinflationprogressandtechnologicalinnovationwilllikelycontinuetodrivedivergenceacrossbusinesscyclesglobally.Moreover,heightenedgeopoliticaluncertaintyandevolvinggovernmentpolicyagendascouldintroduceunusualcomplexitytothestockmarketoutlook.
Inlightofthesefactors,thecurrentpolarizedregionalequityperformancewilllikelypersistgoinginto2025,withU.S.equitiespreferredovereurozoneandEM.FortheS&P500,J.P.MorganResearchestimatesapricetargetof6,500nextyear,withEPSof$270.
“TheU.S.couldremaintheglobalgrowthenginewiththebusinesscycleinexpansion,ahealthylabormarket,broadeningofAI-relatedcapitalspending,andtheprospectofrobustcapitalmarketsanddealmakingactivity,”Lakos-Bujasnoted.“Ontheotherhand,Europecontinuestofacestructuralchallenges,whileEMstruggleswithhigher-for-longerrates,thestrongU.S.dollarandincrementaltradepolicyheadwinds.”
Elsewhere,Japaneseequitiesstandtobenefitfromdomesticreflationwithimprovingrealwagegrowth,acceleratingbuybacksandcontinuedcorporatereforms.Theycouldalsoreceiveaboostfromstrongdemandandfavorablecurrencyratesontheinternationalstage.
“Overall,as2025progresses,thereexiststhepotentialforaconvergencetrade,givenextremerelativepositioning,valuationsandpricedivergencesacrossregions.However,moreclarityisfirstneededonglobaltradepoliciesandtheU.S.inflationdynamic—thatthelatterkeepsmovingintherightdirection,”Lakos-Bujassaid.
“Wethinkthekeyriskforourbasecaseandespeciallytheriskiersegmentsofthemarketisonewherethedisinflationprogressfullystallsandstartstoreverse,forcingtheFederalReserve(Fed)toopendoorstopotentialhikeslaterin2025orearly2026.Ifthisscenarioweretostartplayingout,wewilllikelyhavetorevisitouroutlook,”Lakos-Bujasadded.
股票商场斟酌
2025年全球股票商场可能会在多重身分的交汇下迎来一个复杂的花式。摩根大通全球商场策略主宰DubravkoLakos-Bujas透露:“来岁股票商场的中枢主题是分化加重——不管是在个股、立场、行业、国度如故投资主题上。这种分化有望为投资者提供更多契机,也会为主动照拂行业创造更健康的商场环境,毕竟此前多个季度的商场推崇过于逼近且不健康。”
列国央行政策旅途的不对、通胀下减慢度的不平衡以实时代鼎新的鞭策,可能会连续拉大全球不同地区买卖周期的各异。此外,地缘政事的不祥情趣增多,以及列国政府政策议程的演变,王人将为股票商场的远景增添寥落的复杂性。
受这些身分影响,区域间股票商场推崇的南北极化可能会延续到2025年,摩根大通更看好好意思国股票,而相对不太怜爱欧元区和新兴商场。摩根大通斟酌标普500指数来岁的辩论点位为6,500点,每股收益(EPS)将达到270好意思元。
Lakos-Bujas:“好意思国可能会连续上演全球增长引擎的脚色,因为好意思国正处于买卖周期彭胀阶段,劳能源商场老成,东谈主工智能联系成本支拨束缚扩大,成本商场和来回活动也有望保抓活跃。”“比较之下,欧洲仍濒临结构性挑战,而新兴商场则受到高利率抓续时候更长、好意思元走强以及贸易政策压力增大的影响。”
日本股市方面,由于国内经济复苏,实验工资增长改善,股票回购加速以及企业改造抓续鞭策,日本股市有望受益。同期,来自国际商场的强盛需求以及有益的汇率也将为日本股市提供寥落援力。
Lakos-Bujas:“总体来看,跟着2025年的鞭策,区域商场之间的差距有可能出现拘谨,主要基于极点的商场仓位、估值和价钱分化表象。但这一趋势的出现需要更多的明笃信号,比如全球贸易政策走向,以及好意思国通胀是否会抓续降温。不外,通胀放缓停滞致使反弹是刻下预期濒临的主要风险,这种情况可能迫使好意思联储在2025年底或2026年头重新琢磨加息。如若这一情形确凿发生,摩根大通可能需要重新评估对商场的斟酌。
2025equityindexpricetargetsandEPSforecasts
图:2025年股票指数价钱辩论和每股收益预测
The global economy
In2024,theglobalexpansionprovedresilientdespiteelevatedinflationlimitingcentralbanks’scopeforratecuts.J.P.MorganResearch’s2025baselineforecastincorporatesanextensionofthishigh-for-longrateenvironment.GlobalGDPisanticipatedtorise2.5%andcoreCPIinflationcouldremainsticky,remainingclosetoitscurrent3%.Whileconsistentwithlimitedeasingintheaggregate,theglobalimpulsesthathavepromotedsynchronizationareexpectedtofade,anddivergenceamongcentralbanksisakeyoutlooktheme.
Thisviewcontrastswithconsensusprojectionsbycentralbanksandprivateforecasters,whichseecoreCPIinflationapproaching2%andsubstantialeasing.“Ourtop-downglobaloutlookisbuiltonanalternativenarrativeinwhichtheinteractionofthepandemicshockandaggressivepolicyresponsesgeneratesreverberationsthatsustainelevatedinflationandpolicyrates,”saidBruceKasman,chiefeconomistatJ.P.Morgan.“Thishigh-for-longbaselinechallengesconsensusthinkingintwoimportantways.First,weseegoodspricedisinflationashavingendedanddonotenvisionamacroeconomicbackdropthatsupportsareturnofservicepriceinflationtopre-pandemicnorms.Second,weseethepowerfulglobalimpulsesthathadpromotedsynchronizationfading.”
Regionaldivergencesininflationandpolicyratescouldbecomeprominentasaresult.WesternEuropecouldremainaweaklinkandeuroareapolicyratesareforecasttofallbelow2%.Incontrast,limitedactionisexpectedbytheFedandmostEMcentralbanks,whichcouldbesupportiveofa“high-for-real-long”ratenarrative.
UncertaintiesrelatedtoU.S.policyandgeopoliticsloomlarge.Ifthenewadministrationimplementstargetedtariffsandmodestfiscaleasing,theoverallimpactcouldreinforceU.S.growthoutperformanceandstickyglobalinflation.Butthetailrisksassociatedwithmoreextremetradeandimmigrationpoliciescannotbeignored.
“OurbaselineviewanticipatesaversionoftheTrumppresidencythatistamerthanwhathecampaignedon.Akeyrisktotheoutlookisifpolicyshiftsaremoreextreme,”Kasmannoted.“IftheU.S.turnsaggressivelyinwardbysharplycurtailingtradeandattemptinglarge-scaledeportations,thefalloutwouldbeafarmoreadverseglobalsupplyshock.Thedisruptiveimpactwouldbeamplifiedbyretaliationandaglobalsentimentslide,whichwouldbeamajorthreattotheglobalexpansionnextyear.”
Globaloutlookscenarios
全球经济斟酌
2024年,高通胀甘休了央行降息的空间,全球经济彭胀依旧展现出了强盛的韧性。摩根大通的2025年基准预测标明,高利率抓续时候较长的环境将进一步延续。斟酌全球GDP将增长2.5%,中枢CPI通胀可能保抓坚决,防守在刻下约3%的水平。虽然全体上降息空间有限,但推动全球经济同步增长的能源斟酌会渐渐减弱,央行政策分化将成为主要趋势之一。
这一不雅点与列国央行及私东谈主机构的主流预测有所不同。后者广泛觉得中枢CPI通胀将接近2%,而全球央行有望大幅松开政策。摩根大通首席经济学家BruceKasman透露:“咱们的全球宏不雅预测基于一个不同的叙事,即疫情冲击与激进政策反应的互相作用,将抓续激励余波,防守高通胀和高利率环境。这种‘高利率抓续时候更长’的基准预期,从两个困难方面挑战了主流不雅点:第一,咱们觉得商品价钱通缩也曾收尾,且就业价钱通胀不会总结疫情前的水平。第二,推动全球同步增长的强健能源正在消退。”
因此,通胀与政策利率的地区各异可能愈发澄莹。西欧可能仍是全球经济的“薄弱智力”,斟酌欧元区政策利率将降至2%以下。比较之下,好意思联储及大多数新兴商场央行的举止有限,这可能强化“高利率始终防守”的预期。
好意思国政策与地缘政事的不祥情趣也将成为影响全球经济的要害身分。如
果好意思国新一届政府实施有针对性的关税和轨则的财政宽松,全体影响可能会进一步强化好意思国经济的强盛推崇,并推动全球通胀居高不下。联系词,若贸易和侨民政策出现更极点的转向,潜在风险贬抑无情。
BruceKasman:“咱们的基准预测中,斟酌好意思国政策的实验实施力度会较竞选时的激进言论有所拘谨。但要害风险在于,如若政策转向愈加极点,情况将大不调换”。“比如,如若好意思国大幅甘休贸易,大要大鸿沟结果侨民,这将激励更为严重的全球供应冲击,而攻击性要领和商场信心下滑将进一步放大这种冲击,给来岁的全球经济彭胀带来无边胁迫。”
图:全球经济斟酌情景
Rates
Atagloballevel,thebasecasemacroviewassumesgrowthresilienceandstickyinflation,whichlimitsthemagnitudeoffurtherpolicyrateeasingin2025.Asaresult,DMpolicyrateswilllikelyremainhigherforlonger,albeitwithcontinueddivergencebetweenU.S.andeuroarearates.
However,thenewTrumpadministrationcouldresultintailrisks,includingadownsidescenariowhereoverlyaggressivetradeandmigrationpoliciesresultinanadversesupply-sideshockandnegativehittoglobalsentiment.Allinall,J.P.MorganResearchexpectsDMyieldstogrindloweroverthecourseof2025.
IntheU.S.,therecouldbemoreroomforthefrontendofthecurvetooutperformastheFedeasesthroughthethirdquarterof2025.“Fedexpectationsarecurrentlypricinginashalloweasingcyclebutpolicyuncertaintyislikelytocontinueinthefirsthalfof2025,”saidJayBarry,headofGlobalRatesStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.“Assuch,weforecast10-yearyieldstofalltoalowof4.10%inthethirdquarterandtoreboundto4.25%byyearend.”
TheoutlookappearsdimmerinEurope,wheretheeconomycouldgrowatasluggishsub-potentialpaceduetoheightenedtradeuncertainty.“Theeuroareaislikelytobetheweakestlinkintheglobaloutlook,andwehaveabiasforlongdurationinintermediateEURversusUSDyields,”saidFrancisDiamond,headofEuropeanRateStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.
OverinJapan,ratesareexpectedtocontinuerisingin2025,drivenbytheBankofJapan’smorehawkishstancecomparedtocurrentmarketpricinganditsdecreasingownershipofthecouponJGBmarket.“Weexpectmodestbearflatteninginthecashspace,butwehaveastrongerconvictionintheflatteningofthefrontendofthecurve,”addedTakafumiYamawaki,headofJapanFixedIncomeResearchatJ.P.Morgan.
探花极品利率斟酌
从全球层面来看,摩根大通的基准宏不雅预期是:经济增长展现韧性,通胀依然坚决,这将甘休2025年政策利率进一步下调的幅度。因此,发达商场(DM)的政策利率可能会防守在较高水平更万古候,但好意思国和欧元区利率走势的分化将抓续存在。
如若新一届特朗普政府扩充过于激进的贸易和侨民政策,可能会带来供应端冲击,并对全球商场热枕形成负面打击,成为尾部风险身分。全体来看,摩根大通究诘团队斟酌,发达商场收益率将在2025年渐渐下行。
好意思国方面,短期债券收益率可能有更大的推崇空间,因为好意思联储斟酌将在2025年第三季度开动降息。摩根大通全球利率策略主宰杰伊·巴里透露:“商场面前预期好意思联储将参加一个较浅的降息周期,但政策不祥情趣可能会在2025年上半年抓续。”因此,摩根大通斟酌10年期国债收益率将在第三季度降至4.10%,并在年底反弹至4.25%。
欧洲的远景更为昏黑,由于贸易不祥情趣加重,欧洲经济可能将防守在低于后劲的增长水平。弗朗西斯·戴蒙德指出:“欧元区可能是全球经济远景中最弱的一环,咱们倾向于在中期欧元收益率与好意思元收益率之间遴选作念多久期。”
日本方面,斟酌2025年利率将连续上升,主要受到日本央行鹰派立场的推动,与刻下商场订价存在各异。此外,日本央行在削减抓有的日本政府债券(JGB)方面也会有所作为。摩根大通日本固定收益究诘主宰山脇贵文透露:“咱们斟酌现货商场会出现温文的熊市平坦化,但咱们更看好短期利率弧线的平坦化趋势。”
FX
In2025,thepolicyfalloutfromtheU.S.electionwilllikelyinformthedirectionofFXmarkets.Butbeyondthis,classicalFXdriverssuchascyclical/policydifferentiationandvaluationsareexpectedtoplayakeyroleaswell.
J.P.MorganResearchisbullishontheU.S.dollar,whichcouldstrengthentonewhighsinthecomingmonths.“November’selectionoutcomehasgivenwaytolowerglobalgrowthexpectations,widergrowthgapsbetweentheU.S.andtherestoftheworld,andhigherterminalFedfundsrateforecastsfor2025—theperfecttrifectaofbullishUSDcyclicalimpulses,”saidMeeraChandan,co-headofGlobalFXStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.“Theseareearlyfirst-orderreactionsthatmaygivewaytodeeperrethinksoncethefullsetofTrumpadministrationpoliciesareknownnextyear,butfornow,theyconstituteasolideconomicrationaleforcarryingalongUSDstanceintothefirstquarterof2025.”
Incontrast,theoutlookfortheeuroisbearish,especiallyastheeurozoneisparticularlysusceptibletotradeconflicts.“OurEUR/USDforecastlooksforatestofparitybythefirstquarterof2025astariffrisksgetmorefullypricedin,”Chandansaid.However,EUR/USDcouldpotentiallyrecoverto1.08laterintheyearduetomitigatingfactorsincludingtariffreductions,aresolutionoftheRussia–UkraineconflictandaslowdowninU.S.growth.
Whilesterlinghasbeenthebestperformingcurrencyagainstthedollarin2024,arepeatofthismajoroutperformanceseemsunlikelyinthecomingyear.Instead,GBP/USDisexpectedtofallto1.21inthefirstquarterof2025,beforerecoveringto1.32byDecember.“Overall,riskstosterlingfromweakerU.K.growthandBankofEngland(BoE)easingwilllikelybeoffsetbyrelativeinsulationfromtariffrisksandstill-highyieldin2025.Thismeanssterlingwilllikelymuddlethrough,deliveringlowerreturnsthanrecentyears,”Chandanadded.
InAsia,J.P.Morganseessomecross-currentsforUSD/JPYin2025,withtheJapaneseyenlikelyfindingabottomfollowingfourconsecutiveyearsofunderperformance.“AlthoughdivergenceintheU.S.andJapanmonetarypolicysuggestsamodestdeclineinUSD/JPY,itwouldnotbepowerfulenoughtopushthepairsignificantlylower.Ontheotherhand,structuralfactorsincludingJapan’sweakproductivitygrowthandnegativerealpolicyratecontinuetolimittheyen’supside,”Chandansaid.“Furthermore,excessiveyenweaknessisnotacceptableforbothU.S.andJapanpolicymakers.Ifyendepreciationaccelerates,itwouldbecounteredbymorehawkishyen-buyinginterventions.”Takingthesefactorsintoaccount,J.P.MorganResearchexpectsUSD/JPYtoreach152inthefirstquarterof2025,and148inthefourthquarter.
外汇商场斟酌
2025年,好意思国大选带来的政策影响将是外汇商场的主要驱能源之一。但除了政事身分外,经济周期与政策分化以及估值水对等经典外汇商场身分,也将在畴昔一年起到要害作用。
摩根大通究诘团队对好意思元抓看涨立场,斟酌好意思元将在畴昔几个月内进一步走强,创下新高。摩根大通全球外汇策略联席主宰MeeraChandan透露:“11月大选的成果导致了全球增长预期下调,好意思国与其他国度的增长差距扩大,同期2025年好意思联储利率的预期颠倒更高。这三大身分形成了支抓好意思元周期性走强的‘完好组合’。”MeeraChandan指出,这些反应属于初期推崇,跟着2025年特朗普政府政策的全面公布,商场可能会重新评估,但面前来看,好意思元的强势逻辑足以复旧其在2025年第一季度连续走强。
与好意思元的强势形成对比,欧元的远景偏向悲不雅,尤其是欧元区对贸易突破的明锐性较高。“咱们斟酌欧元兑好意思元(EUR/USD)将在2025年第一季度测试平价水平,因为关税风险将被商场更充分地反应。”不外,跟着贸易关税的减少、俄乌突破的惩办,以及好意思国经济增长放缓等身分的缓解,EUR/USD可能在年底回升至1.08。
英镑方面,2024年英镑是推崇最佳的抗好意思元货币,但这种强盛表当今2025年重现的可能性不大。摩根大通斟酌英镑兑好意思元(GBP/USD)将在2025年第一季度下落至1.21,但到12月有望回升至1.32。MeeraChandan指出:“虽然英国经济增长放浅近英格兰银行(BoE)降息存鄙人行风险,但英镑相对不受关税冲击的影响,同期较高的收益率水平仍将在2025年起到复旧作用。因此,英镑的推崇可能会相对庸俗,陈诉率低于夙昔几年。”
在亚洲商场,摩根大通觉得2025年好意思元兑日元(USD/JPY)走势将受到多重身分的影响。日元在流通四年推崇欠安后,斟酌将触底反弹。MeeraChandan:“虽然好意思国和日本的货币政策分化透露USD/JPY将小幅下落,但这一趋势不及以权贵推低汇率水平。另一方面,日本分娩率增长疲弱和实验利率为负等结构性身分,也将连续甘休日元增值的空间。”日元过度贬值对好意思国和日本的政策制定者来说王人是不能秉承的。如若日元贬值速率加速,日本政府可能通过更具鹰派颜色的干豫要领来买入日元,遏制其进一步走弱。详细这些身分,摩根大通斟酌好意思元兑日元(USD/JPY)将在2025年第一季度达到152,并在第四季度回落至148。
Forecastsformajorcurrencypairs
图:主要货币预测
Credit
Lookingto2025,theglobalcreditecosystemremainsfairlyrobust.“Positioningdoesnotfeeloverlystretched,andleverageandcomplexityappearlargelyabsent.Norarethereanyobviousasset-liabilitymismatches,whichtendtoportendfinancialaccidents,”saidStephenDulake,co-headofFundamentalResearchatJ.P.Morgan.“Moreover,all-incorporatebondyields,especiallythoseinNorthAmerica,remainintherightzipcodetounderpinstrongdomesticinstitutionalandinternationaldemand.”
ForU.S.credit,yieldsareexpectedtostayhighthroughout2025,andthiscouldcontinuetoattractstrongdemandandkeepspreadsatverytightlevels.“TherelativestrengthofU.S.growthversusothermarkets,aswellastheexpectationthatU.S.policywillfavorU.S.assetsattheexpenseofotherregions,aresupportiveofstrongoverseasdemandforU.S.credit.Inaddition,corporatecreditqualityisgoodandislikelytostaythatwayin2025,”saidEricBeinstein,headofU.S.CreditStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.
InEurope,thebackdroplooksmorechallenging,withtheU.S.electioncreatinguncertaintyforthecreditmarket.InEuropeaninvestmentgrade,J.P.MorganResearchforecasts15bpofwideningnextyearto130bp,implyingtotalreturnsof4.5%.“Despiteourmacroconcerns,however,wethinkanyspreadwideningwillbelimited,withthetechnicalslikelytoremainstrongoncontinuedyieldbuying,arotationoutofcashintofixedincomeaspolicyratesdecline,andlimitednetsupplyastradeuncertaintyweighsonbusinessinvestmentandacquisitionactivity,”saidDanielLamy,headofEuropeanCreditStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.
Lookingatsecuritizedproducts,housepricesareexpectedtorise3%nextyear.“Althoughunderbuildinghasbeenevidentoverthelastdecade,thelong-termhousingshortageislessclear.Immigrationhasboostedpopulationgrowth,drivingdemand,whilevacancyratespointtopotentialsupplyconstraints,”saidJohnSim,headofSecuritizedProductsResearchatJ.P.Morgan.
Whileagencymortgage-backedsecurities(MBS)havelaggedotherspreadproductsin2024,valuationslookrelativelyattractiveheadinginto2025,withmoreorganicnetsupply($230billion)andbetterbankbuying.
信贷商场斟酌
斟酌2025年,全球信贷商场的全体环境依旧老成。摩根大通基础究诘集中主宰斯蒂芬·杜莱克指出:“面前商场的仓位并未过度彭胀,杠杆和复杂性基本上不存在,也莫得澄莹的财富欠债错配问题,这类表象陆续会激励金融事故。此外,尤其是在北好意思地区,企业债券的全体收益率仍处于合理水平,这将抓续复旧国内机构投资者和国际投资者的强盛需求。”
好意思国信贷商场方面,斟酌2025年收益率将防守在较高水平,这将抓续诱惑巨额需求,并使信用利差保抓在相等紧缩的状态。摩根大通基本面究诘联席主宰StephenDulake透露:“好意思国经济增长的相对强势,以及斟酌好意思国政策将倾向于有益于好意思国财富、而非其他地区的财富,王人将支抓外洋投资者对好意思国信贷的强盛需求。此外,企业的信用质地致密,斟酌2025年将保抓这一水平。”
欧洲信贷商场的时事则相对愈加严峻,主要受到好意思国大选带来的不祥情趣影响。摩根大通斟酌,欧洲投资级债券的信用利差将在来岁扩大15个基点,达到130个基点,总陈诉率约为4.5%。StephenDulake:“虽然咱们对宏不雅经济抓严慎立场,但斟酌信用利差的扩大将是有限的。主要原因包括时代面复旧依旧强盛——抓续的收益率买盘、政策利率下降后资金从现款向固定收益财富的轮动,以及由于贸易不祥情趣导致的投资与并购活动放缓,从而使得净供应有限。”
在证券化居品鸿沟,斟酌2025年房价将高潮3%。“虽然夙昔十年房屋开发不及较为澄莹,但始终的住房供应穷乏尚不解确。与此同期,侨民增长带动了东谈主口增长,推动了住房需求,而空置率数据则炫耀供应存在潜在瓶颈。”
此外,2024年机构典质贷款支抓证券(MBS)的推崇逾期于其他信用利差居品,但参加2025年后,MBS的估值将显得相对具有诱惑力,尤其是在更强盛的净供应(约2300亿好意思元)和银行购买力度增强的配景下。
Emergingmarkets
“EMgrowthfacessignificantuncertaintyin2025,caughtbetweentwogiants,ChinaandtheU.S.,withpolicychangesinthelatterpotentiallydeliveringalargenegativesupplyshockthatwillhavespilloversacrossEM,”saidLuisOganes,headofGlobalMacroResearchatJ.P.Morgan.
WhileEMinflationisexpectedtoslowasservicesinflationmoderates,coregoodspricescouldseeatemporaryboostfromtariffsandFXdepreciation.Inaddition,EMcentralbankswilllikelyneedtocontendwithchangesinU.S.financialconditionsandweighfinancialstabilityconcernsagainsttheadverseimpactongrowthfromdeterioratingsentimentandslowingglobaltradeflows.Overall,weakerdomesticgrowthandampleratebufferscouldstillleaveroomforcautiousmonetaryeasingin2025.
“Consideringthesecross-currents,ourbaselineforecastlooksforEMgrowthtoslowfrom4.1%in2024to3.4%in2025.ExcludingChina,EMgrowthwouldeaseonlymoderatelyfrom3.4%to3.0%,”Oganesadded.
Regionaloutlooks
EMAsia:TheregionwilllikelybeinthecrosshairsofanyU.S.–Chinatradewarin2025,andJ.P.MorganResearchexpectsGDPgrowthintheregiontoslowto4%shouldsuchascenariounfold.
EMEMEA:Growthisstillexpectedintheregion,butataslowerpaceandwithdownsiderisks.“Despitethelessupbeatgrowth,wehavedelayedratecutsinvariouscountriesgivenhighandpersistentcoreinflationdynamics,alongwithrisingglobalrisks,”Oganessaid.
LATAM:2025GDPgrowthisexpectedbehigheronaverageversus2024,mostlyonthebackofastrongreboundinArgentina.Whileabove-targetinflationwilllikelyresultinelevatedinterestratesandfiscalconsolidation,medium-termfiscalchallengesremain.
新兴商场斟酌
“2025年,新兴商场(EM)的增永远景濒临要紧不祥情趣,主要受到中好意思两大经济体的影响,绝顶是好意思国政策变化可能激励的供应端冲击,这将触及新兴商场,”摩根大通全球宏不雅究诘主宰路易斯·奥加内斯透露。
跟着就业通胀放缓,新兴商场的全体通胀斟酌将有所下降,但受关税和外汇贬值影响,中枢商品价钱可能会倏得走高。新兴商场的央行还需粗疏好意思国金融情景的变化,在金融踏实性和增长放缓之间作念出量度,绝顶是在商场热枕恶化和全球贸易放缓的情况下。全体来看,国内增长疲弱,但亏空的利率缓冲空间仍可能为2025年严慎的货币宽松提供一定余步。
“详细这些复杂身分,咱们的基准预测是新兴商场增长将从2024年的4.1%放缓至2025年的3.4%。剔除中国后,新兴商场的增长将从3.4%小幅降至3.0%”。
区域斟酌
亚太新兴商场(EMAsia):
2025年,亚太地区将成为中好意思贸易战的主要受害者之一。摩根大通斟酌,若此情景发生,该地区的GDP增长将放缓至4%。
欧洲、中东及非洲(EMEMEA):
该地区仍将保抓增长,但速率会有所放缓,且濒临下行风险。“虽然经济增长预期不够乐不雅,但琢磨到中枢通胀较高且抓续,加上全球风险上升,咱们推迟了多个国度的降息磋商。”
拉丁好意思洲(LATAM):
斟酌2025年GDP增长将较2024年有所改善,主要成绩于阿根廷经济的强盛复苏。联系词,高于辩论的通胀可能导致利率防守在较高水平,同期随同财政整顿。不外,该地区在中始终仍濒临财政挑战。
Commodities
Trump’sreturntotheWhiteHouseshouldseeafocusedagendawithapromiseto“rapidlydefeatinflation,quicklybringdownpricesandreigniteexplosiveeconomicgrowth.”Muchofhisstrategyreliesonreducingenergyprices,andhehaspledgedtoloweroilcosts.Undertheseplans,deregulationandincreasedU.S.productionpresentdownsideriskstooilprices,whileupsiderisksareposedbyexertingpressureonIran,VenezuelaandpossiblyRussiatolimitoilexportsandrevenues.Weaksupply-demandfundamentalsmay,however,helpTrumpkeephispromisetobringoilpricesdown.
J.P.MorganResearch’sviewhasremainedlargelyunchangedoverthepastyear,withexpectationsofashiftfromabalancedmarketin2024toalargesurplusin2025.“Welookforalarge1.3millionbarrelsperday(mbd)surplusandanaverageof$73perbarrel(bbl)forBrent,althoughweexpectpricestoclosetheyearfirmlybelow$70,withWTIat$64/bbl,”saidNatashaKaneva,headofGlobalCommoditiesStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.Crucially,theseforecastsassumethatOPEC+staysputatcurrentproductionlevels.
Turningtonaturalgas,boththeEuropeanandU.S.marketsarelikelytoremaininafairlybalancedstate,weather-adjusted,untilsupplygrowthbecomesapparent.“FortheEuropeannaturalgasmarket,withgrowingbaseloadneedsaroundtheglobe,supplygrowthmaynothappenuntilmid-2026,”saidShikhaChaturvedi,headofGlobalNaturalGasandNaturalGasLiquidsStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.“However,fortheU.S.naturalgasmarket,itcouldbeasearlyaslate-2025,asmidstreaminfrastructureisexpectedtoallowformoremovementofmoleculesfromproductionzonestodemandregionsintheGulfofMexico.”
Therallylookssettorumbleonforpreciousmetals,withconstrainedsupplysettingthestageforstrongerbasemetalpriceslaterin2025.“Wemaintainourmulti-yearbullishoutlookongoldasthemostlikelymacroscenariosin2025stillskewbullishforthemetal,”saidGregoryShearer,headofBaseandPreciousMetalsStrategyatJ.P.Morgan.“Weareforecastingpricestorisetowards$3,000/oznextyear.”
Whataboutsilver?“Silver’stimetoshinecomesafterbasemetalslikelyfindingabottominearly2025,”Sheareradded.“Weseeacatchuptradepropellingsilverpricestoward$38/ozbyyear-end.”
Foragriculturemarkets,alowinventorybaseatthegloballevelcontinuestolimitdownsidepricerisksinto2025.Morevolatilitycouldlieahead,though.“U.S.trade,foreignpolicyandwidergeopoliticaldevelopmentsaheadaddcomplexitythroughthe2025/26balances,withmoreimmediateimpactsforprice,”saidTraceyAllen,anagriculturalcommoditiesstrategistatJ.P.Morgan.“Weanticipateamorevolatilepriceenvironmentforagriculturalcommoditiesthrough2025–2026,particularlyforU.S.trade-exposedsoybean,corn,cottonandwheatmarkets.”
巨额商品斟酌
跟着特朗普总结白宫,其政策重心将围绕“连忙击败通胀、快速缩短物价并重燃经济增长”张开。特朗普的策略很猛进度上依赖于降呆板源价钱,他容许将压低石油价钱。在这些磋商下,松开管制和增多好意思国能源产量可能对油价组成下行风险;但与此同期,对伊朗、委内瑞拉致使俄罗斯施压以甘休其石油出口和收入,则可能推动油价上行。由于供应和需求的基本面较弱,这些条目可能匡助特朗普杀青其缩短油价的容许。
摩根大通的究诘不雅点在夙昔一年中保抓基本不变,斟酌石油商场将从2024年的供需平衡转向2025年的大幅多余。摩根大通全球巨额商品策略主宰NatashaKaneva透露:“咱们斟酌2025年石油商场每天将有130万桶的多余供应,布伦特原油的平均价钱将为73好意思元/桶,斟酌年底价钱将跌破70好意思元,WTI原油价钱斟酌为64好意思元/桶。”这些预测的前提是OPEC+保抓面前的分娩水平。
自然气方面,欧洲和好意思国商场在天气退换后可能会保抓相对平衡的状态,直到供应增长浮现。摩根大通全球自然气和自然气液政策主宰ShikhaChaturvedi透露:“关于欧洲自然气商场,由于全球对基荷能源需求的增长,供应增长可能要到2026年年中才会出现。而关于好意思国自然气商场,跟着中游基础设施的开发,斟酌到2025年底就能杀青更多从产区向墨西哥湾需求区的分子运输。”
贵金属斟酌将连续高潮,而供应受限可能为基本金属价钱在2025年后期走强奠定基础。摩根大通基本金属和贵金属策略主宰GregoryShearer透露:“咱们对黄金保抓多年的看涨预期,因为2025年最可能的宏不雅经济场景仍倾向于利好黄金。咱们预测黄金价钱将在来岁高潮至3,000好意思元/盎司。”
白银呢?“白银的推崇将在2025年头基本金属触底后开动发力。”Shearer补充说,“咱们斟酌补涨行情将推动白银价钱在年底达到38好意思元/盎司。”
农业商品商场方面,全球范围内的低库存连续甘休价钱下行风险,但波动性可能会加重。摩根大通农居品策略师TraceyAllen透露:“2025/26年度,好意思国贸易、酬酢政策以及蜕变常的地缘政事发展,将使供需平衡愈加复杂,并对价钱产生更平直的影响。咱们斟酌农业巨额商品价钱在2025-2026年将处于更波动的环境,尤其是对好意思国出口依赖较高的大豆、玉米、棉花和小麦商场。”
Globalcommoditypriceforecasts
图:全球巨额商品价钱预测
(转自:中国地产基金百东谈主会)bt工厂网址